Understanding Hepatitis B: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. It's caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or other bodily fluids. The virus attacks the liver and causes inflammation, leading to damage and potentially even liver failure.

There are several forms of HBV, including acute and chronic infections. Acute infection is a short-term illness that usually resolves on its own within 6 months, while chronic infection can last for years or even decades without treatment.

How is Hepatitis B Transmitted?

Hepatitis B can be transmitted through various means, including:

- Direct contact with infected blood or bodily fluids

- Sharing needles or syringes contaminated with the virus

- Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth

- Contaminated medical equipment or instruments

What are the Symptoms of Hepatitis B?

In most cases, people with acute HBV infection may not experience any symptoms. However, some individuals may develop mild symptoms like fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).

Chronic HBV infection can lead to more severe symptoms, including:

- Fatigue and weakness

- Loss of appetite and weight loss

- Abdominal pain and swelling

- Dark urine and pale stools